An industrial robot is defined by ISO as an automatically controlled,
reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes.
The field of robotics may be more practically defined as the study, design and
use of robot systems for manufacturing (a
top-level definition relying on the prior definition of robot).
Typical
applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, pick and place (such as packaging, palletizing and SMT),
product inspection, and testing; all accomplished with high endurance, speed,
and precision.
Robot types, features
The
most commonly used robot configurations are articulated robots, SCARA robots, Delta robots and Cartesian
coordinate robots, (aka gantry robots or x-y-z robots). In the
context of general robotics, most types of robots would fall into the category
of robotic arms (inherent
in the use of the wordmanipulator in
the above-mentioned ISO standard). Robots exhibit varying degrees of autonomy:
·
Some robots are programmed to faithfully
carry out specific actions over and over again (repetitive actions) without
variation and with a high degree of accuracy. These actions are determined by
programmed routines that specify the direction, acceleration, velocity,
deceleration, and distance of a series of coordinated motions.
·
Other robots are much more flexible as to the
orientation of the object on which they are operating or even the task that has
to be performed on the object itself, which the robot may even need to
identify. For example, for more precise guidance, robots often contain machine vision sub-systems
acting as their "eyes", linked to powerful computers or controllers. Artificial
intelligence, or what passes for it, is becoming an increasingly
important factor in the modern industrial robot.
Articulated industrial robot operating in a foundry.
A set of six-axis robots used for welding.
Factory Automation with industrial robots for palletizing food products like bread and toast at a bakery in Germany
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